OVERRATED/UNDERRATED
PRESIDENTS
Overrated
As often happens with our presidents, the recent outpouring of
grief over the death of Ronald Reagan has tended to distort the
historical record. This is certainly understandable, especially
considering Reagan’s tragic final illness, which by all
accounts he faced with typical personal courage for as long as
he was able.
Yet
the primary claim for Reagan’s greatness—that he “won”
the Cold War—seems exaggerated on the face of it. The Cold
War was won by every president from Truman through Reagan—not
to mention the countless brave men and women, in our armed forces
and without, and in all the free countries of the world, who did
the long, hard job of grinding down the Soviet Union after 1945.
An evil empire does not fall in a day.
In general, his adherents like to portray Reagan as a “big
vision” president, who was an expert at delegating and did
not let himself get bogged down in the details of governing. Yet
it is not at all clear that his vision was really wide enough,
or that he would not have benefited from paying a little more
attention to details. His administration was engulfed in scandals,
after all, ranging from the Iran-Contra operation, in which the
constitution was flaunted in the course of selling arms to a fanatical,
terrorist-supporting theocracy that had just humiliated the United
States; to the S&L debacle, which remains the costliest financial
scandal in American and perhaps world history. The supposedly
sterling economic record of the Reagan ’80s was in fact
bracketed by a deep recession and a stock market crash, while
the go-go years in between were fueled by record peacetime deficits
that his successors labored for nearly ten years to make up—and
which contradicted nearly everything Reagan claimed to stand for
before taking office.
More
disturbingly, throughout his public life, Reagan was also distinctly
unsympathetic towards those who were victims of almost anything
besides communist oppression. His reaction to the AIDS
epidemic was sluggish and indifferent at best. He opposed even
the most basic civil rights legislation that ended Jim Crow in
the 1960s, and blithely speculated that Martin Luther King, Jr.,
had been a Soviet agent, even as he signed the holiday honoring
him into law. His breaking of the air traffic controllers’
union was a watershed moment in the destruction of workers’
rights in America and, perhaps saddest of all, he remained hostile
to nearly all social welfare programs even after his own family
was rescued through government intervention during the Great Depression—even
inventing and popularizing the infamous story of a black, Cadillac-driving,
“welfare queen” who never actually existed
Underrated
Franklin Roosevelt has been frequently compared to Reagan of late,
as another congenitally optimistic, big vision president. Yet
both the hard right and the hard left have been steadily chiseling
away at his reputation for years (surely the best affirmation
yet of Swift’s line about a confederacy of dunces).
Their
collected criticisms seem to be that Roosevelt should have left
the economy alone after three years of the worst depression in
modern economic history, or that he should have seized the opportunity
to convert the U.S. into a model socialist state, and after all
he didn’t end the Depression anyway.
It
is true that the nation plunged back into recession in 1937-38,
after making considerable strides toward full recovery, when Roosevelt—always
a fiscal conservative at heart, unlike Reagan—cut back on
government spending too quickly. This mistake was quickly corrected,
and the economy was growing again even before World War II ultimately
intervened.
But more importantly, Roosevelt provide the support that kept
tens of millions of Americans from losing their homes, their farms,
their hopes, and even their lives. He rebuilt America physically—and
also built the pragmatic, liberal social covenant that proved
democratic capitalism was more than a match for the totalitarian
philosophies then being touted as the wave of the future. As such,
FDR got us through the two greatest crises of the republic, the
Depression and the war, and built much of the framework that would
actually win the Cold War. And while he always kept the “big
picture” in mind as president, he succeeded by busying himself
with a great many details as well—such as recruiting an
amazing array of government talent, and molding it into what was
probably the most capable and honest administration in our history.
Do
enough Americans still remember this to make FDR truly “underrated”?
Well, it is disheartening that there has been no outcry over recent
proposals to remove Roosevelt’s image from the dime in favor
of Mr. Reagan. Roosevelt is on the dime in the first place because
of his longtime championing of the “March of Dimes”
campaign against polio—a disease that defined FDR’s
personal courage just as Reagan’s battle against Alzheimer’s
did his. Surely those who wish to honor President Reagan can find
a more appropriate venue, either on our currency or elsewhere.
